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小兒抽動癥的癥狀以及類型(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2016-05-10 11:42:55編輯：Anata

兒童抽動癥作如下類型：

1.急性單純性(或一過性)兒童抽動癥。抽動癥開始的癥狀大多數(shù)為簡單性、不隨意性的運動抽動，極少數(shù)為單純發(fā)聲抽動。常見的眼、面部抽動表現(xiàn)為眨眼、擠眉、翻眼、咬唇、張口、點頭、搖頭、伸脖、聳肩等。

少數(shù)單純發(fā)聲抽動表現(xiàn)為反復咳嗽、清嗓子、發(fā)出哼聲。癥狀可在數(shù)周或數(shù)月內(nèi)波動及轉移部位。多在12歲前發(fā)病，最多見的是眨眼。癥狀持續(xù)2周～1年即可自然消失。體格檢查包括神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查，通常無異常發(fā)現(xiàn)。

2.慢性單純性兒童抽動癥。15歲以前發(fā)病者多，成人少見。表現(xiàn)為一組或兩組肌肉抽動，無過多的變化。持續(xù)時間很長，可終身存在。

3.亞急性或持續(xù)性的單純或多發(fā)性抽動?？梢娪趦和?、青春期。單純性者，一組或兩組肌肉抽動持續(xù)1年以上，至青春期自然消失。多發(fā)性抽動有發(fā)聲者，至青春期癥狀是否消失不一定，此要與多發(fā)性抽動-穢語綜合征(Tourette綜合征)相鑒別。

4.多發(fā)性抽動-穢語綜合征(Tourette綜合征)。以上分型并不完全，特別是第3型和第4型之間有些混亂。因此此處仍將“多發(fā)性抽動-穢語綜合征”單獨予以討論。

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