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孩子幾歲開始英語啟蒙好？一篇文章講清楚

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2024-08-13 12:48:14編輯：胖虎愛撩妹
很多爸媽心里都有一個疑問：孩子幾歲開始英語啟蒙好？
 
 
 
開始早了擔(dān)心孩子太小，徒增負(fù)擔(dān)、影響母語學(xué)習(xí)；開始晚了又怕孩子“輸在起跑線上”。
 
 
 
今天整理了英語啟蒙中五大常見困惑，一起來漲知識，陪伴孩子自信、快樂地開啟英語啟蒙吧！
 
 
 
1
 
英語啟蒙的最佳年齡？
 
 
 
美國兒童語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的知名學(xué)者、密歇根大學(xué)心理學(xué)系教授 Dr. Tardif 給出的答案是：盡管孩子學(xué)外語的最佳年齡取決于每個家庭的目標(biāo)和身邊可以利用的學(xué)習(xí)資源，但總體來說越早越好。
 
 
 
 
 
 
首先，幼兒用成年人已經(jīng)忘記的方法學(xué)習(xí)語言，他們能以一種成人不會的方式迅速捕捉并辨別新的發(fā)音。此外，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)詞匯和語法的方式也不同，他們通過聆聽、重復(fù)對他們有意思的內(nèi)容來學(xué)習(xí)，而不一定是大人們認(rèn)為孩子該學(xué)的內(nèi)容。
 
 
 
美國常青藤名?？的螤柎髮W(xué)發(fā)布的研究明確講到：孩子從出生那一刻就自帶學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)雜語言的天賦，而且完全有能力同時學(xué)會不只一門語言。此外，孩子越早開始學(xué)習(xí)一門外語，就越可能快速獲得類似于母語水平的流利度。
 
 
 
2
 
太早啟蒙會影響母語學(xué)習(xí)嗎？
 
 
 
美國言語與聽力協(xié)會（asha.org）明確表示：不會影響。世界各地都有很多從小就會說多種語言的孩子，他們學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程和一般孩子沒什么區(qū)別。
 
 
 
事實(shí)上，幼兒捕捉并區(qū)分語言差異的能力非常強(qiáng)。他們能夠感知男女說話的不同，禮貌用語與不怎么客氣說話方式之間的差別。而不同的語言對孩子來說，也僅僅是不同的講話方式。他們能將其區(qū)別，不會混亂，尤其對于差異很大的語言，比如中文和英語。
 
 
 
3
 
平時說話夾帶英語正常嗎？
 
 
 
對會講雙語的兒童、以及任何年紀(jì)的成人來說，在一句話中混合使用兩種語言的情況都是不可避免的，也是完全正常的。
 
 
 
混合并不代表“混淆”，有研究認(rèn)為混合使用兩種語言是熟練掌握雙語的一種表現(xiàn)。例如，有的孩子會針對說話對象的雙語程度調(diào)整在對話中混搭雙語的程度。
 
 
 
 
 
 
有時候，孩子說話夾帶另一種語言的詞匯，是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得這個單詞能夠更加貼切的表達(dá)他的感受，或強(qiáng)調(diào)他想說的意思。尤其是有很多詞匯，在不同的語言中無法找到一一對應(yīng)的詞匯。這種情況下，孩子混合使用雙語是完全自然、有意識的。
 
 
 
4
 
對大腦和思維能力有什么影響？
 
 
 
美國權(quán)威媒體紐約時報（The New York Times）引述的一篇研究表明，雙語兒童除了擁有更多的詞匯量，還發(fā)展出其他關(guān)鍵的認(rèn)知能力：包括用不同的方法解決邏輯問題的能力，以及同時處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的技能。
 
 
 
加拿大非營利兒童研究機(jī)構(gòu) Hanen 中心的有趣實(shí)驗(yàn)，也得到了相似的結(jié)論。在這個實(shí)驗(yàn)里，63名平均年齡只有24個月的寶寶，需要完成一個 “在大水果中找小水果”挑戰(zhàn)。比如寶寶會看到一張大蘋果里住著小香蕉的圖片，他們的任務(wù)是指出里面的小香蕉：
 
 
 
 
 
 
按照天性，我們通常對大的事物更感興趣，尤其是對年幼的寶寶來說，更需要有一定的自控能力與判斷力才能克服天性，注意到并指出小的水果。測試結(jié)果為：只接觸一種語言的寶寶挑戰(zhàn)成功率是31%，雙語寶寶的挑戰(zhàn)成功率則高達(dá)50%。
 
 
 
因此，這個實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論同樣得到，雙語寶寶在去除干擾、有選擇的關(guān)注更重要的事物方面有很強(qiáng)的能力。此外，他們在根據(jù)情境需要來改變自己行為的認(rèn)識靈活度。
 
 
 
5
 
如何讓孩子從小自然習(xí)得英語？
 
 
 
相信很多人都會說，最好的途徑是在日常生活中就能讓孩子與一位母語為英語的人經(jīng)常進(jìn)行交流，但這個方法對大部分的中國家庭顯然不太現(xiàn)實(shí)。
 
 
 
幸運(yùn)的是，現(xiàn)在我們有很多其它途徑能為孩子創(chuàng)造學(xué)英語的良好環(huán)境。例如讓孩子觀看自己感興趣的英語視頻、聽兒歌，想方設(shè)法讓他們在有趣自然的環(huán)境中的聽和說，這是幼兒學(xué)習(xí)語言的最佳方法。
 
 
 
 
 
 
重要的是讓孩子多多接觸豐富、真實(shí)的英語聽說示例，孩子也不需要明白他們聽到的每個單詞的意思；相反，要鼓勵孩子去聽各種他們感興趣的內(nèi)容，在自然的狀態(tài)下，孩子會享受聽英語。
 
 
 
因此，想要盡早讓孩子學(xué)英語的爸媽們大可放心，孩子的小小大腦遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的要神奇！

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