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孩子疫苗接種 家長必須掌握的接種知識

出處：媽媽育兒網日期：2012-08-27 13:48:21編輯：Chen

從孩子出生的那一天開始，一直到孩子7歲之間，都要在各種時間段接種不同種類的疫苗，具體接種疫苗的種類可以參考疫苗接種本上面（分計劃內和計劃外接種的兩大類）。接種疫苗是為了預防疾病的發(fā)生，不過在疫苗接種的時候，也有很多需要特別注意的地方。為了孩子能夠安全接種，沒有經驗的家長一定要掌握一些疫苗接種知識。以下是一位經驗媽媽分享自己的心得，我們一起來看看吧！

轉眼，孩子已經經歷了四年的預防針經歷了。回想回來，還真是每一次都是驚心動魄的擔心啊。不是感冒了不能打，就是預約時沒有針了。凡此種種，也遇到了不少的奇奇怪怪的狀況。不過，慢慢的也積累了不少預防接種方面的知識，就和大家一起分享下：

一、流行性腮腺炎、百日咳、傷寒等傳染病，一次得過后會獲終生免疫（一生再不患此?。?。這是因為人在生病時，身體內對該種疾病的病原微生物產生一種特異性免疫力，就是抗體，以后再遇到這種微生物的侵襲時，抗體就會將它消滅掉。


 

二、接種疫苗的種類

在兒童預防接種證上，一般列有7種疫苗：卡介苗、脊髓灰質炎疫苗、百白破三聯疫苗麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗、乙腦疫苗、流腦疫苗。而接種證上沒有列出的還有預防水痘、甲肝、肺炎、流感、出血熱、腮腺炎、風疹、狂犬病等疾病的疫苗。

1、計劃內疫苗：

國家規(guī)定納入計劃免疫、有統(tǒng)一免疫規(guī)程的疫苗只有5種，即卡介苗、脊髓灰質炎疫苗、百白破三聯疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗。這5種疫苗兒童必須普遍接種，疫苗接種的經費由政府負擔；部分省、自治區(qū)、直轄市在此基礎上又增加了流腦和乙腦疫苗。

2、計劃外疫苗：

在發(fā)達國家，預防針有家庭醫(yī)生為他們提供建議、作出選擇。這一部分屬于完全自愿性質的，你可以根據孩子的身體狀況，當地的疫情狀況有選擇性的打或者不打。

計劃外疫苗由地方衛(wèi)生防疫機構根據疾病發(fā)生和流行的特點、規(guī)律，確定針對某一重點保護人群接種，或是向公眾推薦，由人們自己選擇接種或不接種，費用一般是自己承擔。只有當某一地區(qū)出現疫情或發(fā)生大的自然災害，為避免某些傳染病暴發(fā)流行，才會有針對性地要求人群普遍接種某種疫苗。

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