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寶寶遲遲不“開(kāi)口” 警惕兒童語(yǔ)言障礙

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2014-10-08 11:06:30編輯：Chen

 寶寶多大會(huì)說(shuō)話？雖然說(shuō)孩子學(xué)說(shuō)話也有早有晚，不過(guò)通常情況下，8-9個(gè)月大的寶寶能跟著大人學(xué)著說(shuō)一些比較簡(jiǎn)單的字語(yǔ)。如叫爸爸，媽媽?zhuān)瑺敔?，奶?....等。

但這也不是絕對(duì)，因?yàn)橛行┖⒆右絻扇龤q才會(huì)說(shuō)話。所以說(shuō)，寶寶說(shuō)是因人而異的（在民間，還有“貴人遲語(yǔ)”的說(shuō)法）。

話雖如此，但如果自己的寶寶已經(jīng)到了學(xué)說(shuō)話的年齡，而孩子卻遲遲不“開(kāi)口”的話，家長(zhǎng)都會(huì)很擔(dān)心的。專(zhuān)家建議，如果兩三歲孩子還不會(huì)說(shuō)話，那就值得警惕了。

［典型病歷］七歲的亮亮說(shuō)話還像蹦豆似的，一個(gè)字一個(gè)字的蹦，連句完整的話都沒(méi)有，這可怎么辦？上學(xué)后，學(xué)習(xí)十分吃力，成績(jī)倒數(shù)，也經(jīng)常被同學(xué)恥笑。這下父母急了，帶孩子來(lái)檢查。商主任判定亮亮的問(wèn)題不光是語(yǔ)言障礙，果然通過(guò)智力測(cè)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果顯示孩子屬于輕度智力低下。因而導(dǎo)致了孩子的語(yǔ)言障礙。

但由于來(lái)醫(yī)院時(shí)孩子已經(jīng)七歲了，過(guò)了語(yǔ)言治療的最佳年齡。經(jīng)過(guò)2個(gè)療程6個(gè)月的治療，雖然亮亮語(yǔ)言能力明顯提高，智商也有所提高，但終因治療太晚，效果不是很理想。

雖然孩子說(shuō)話早晚確實(shí)存在個(gè)體差異，在聽(tīng)力和發(fā)音等器官正常的前提下，比同齡孩子稍晚一些說(shuō)話屬正常。但有些孩子吐字不清或者一直不開(kāi)口，家長(zhǎng)就不能掉以輕心，否則可能造成以后的語(yǔ)言障礙。尤其是，有些孩子語(yǔ)言有障礙，是因?yàn)槟承┘膊?dǎo)致，那就更需要早治療了。

語(yǔ)言障礙原因多

兒童語(yǔ)言障礙是指孩子在語(yǔ)言的理解、表達(dá)以及交流過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了障礙。據(jù)介紹，語(yǔ)言障礙包括各種原因引起的言語(yǔ)發(fā)育延遲、發(fā)育性語(yǔ)言困難、后天獲得性失語(yǔ)等。而造成孩子語(yǔ)言障礙的原因很多，如遺傳因素、大腦損傷、環(huán)境因素等，都可能使孩子語(yǔ)言發(fā)育不順當(dāng)。

像語(yǔ)言環(huán)境對(duì)于兒童的語(yǔ)言發(fā)育就非常重要，如“狼孩兒”就是兒童語(yǔ)言環(huán)境被剝奪的典型例子。在臨床中，導(dǎo)致兒童語(yǔ)言發(fā)育障礙常見(jiàn)的疾病主要有：聽(tīng)力障礙、唇腭裂、腦癱、智能力低下、孤獨(dú)癥、腦外傷及腦炎后遺癥等，包括部分遺傳代謝性疾病。

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