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婦科疾病陰道炎是女性的難言之隱

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集 日期：2024-09-03 00:19:41 編輯：秩名

陰道炎是婦科的常見病，每年，全世界約有十億人患泌尿生殖道感染，超過一千萬人因為陰道炎而就診。
 
雖然女性相對男性來說，更愛干凈，然而由于生殖道的解剖學特點，外陰部與尿道、肛門鄰近，有可能受到排泄物的浸漬，因而是炎癥的好發(fā)部位，僅僅依靠外陰部大小陰唇的保護是不夠的。
 
陰道的保護主要依靠內(nèi)部的細菌菌群平衡。我們可以在陰道內(nèi)檢測到許多細菌，如乳酸桿菌（陰道桿菌）、大腸埃希桿菌、白色鏈球菌、消化球菌、沙門菌、葡萄球菌等。其中除了乳酸桿菌是有益細菌外，其余的細菌幾乎都是致病細菌。不過姐妹們不用擔心，雖然致病細菌種類很多，但只要數(shù)量不大，就不要緊。
 
平時我們評價陰道是不是清潔，主要是通過做涂片分析來確定的。在顯微鏡下觀察陰道分泌物涂片，按乳酸桿菌、白細胞及雜菌的數(shù)量的多少來分等級。
 

陰道清潔度，共分4度：

 
Ⅰ度：有大量乳酸桿菌及上皮細胞；無雜菌、白細胞，視野干凈，是正常分泌物。
 
Ⅱ度：乳酸桿菌及上皮細胞中量；少量白細胞及雜菌，仍屬于正常陰道分泌物。
 
Ⅲ度：少許乳酸桿菌及鱗狀上皮；較多雜菌及白細胞，提示有較輕的陰道炎癥。
 
Ⅳ度：無乳酸桿菌，只有少許上皮細胞；有大量白細胞及雜菌。提示有
 
相對較重的陰道炎癥，如真菌性陰道炎、滴蟲性陰道炎。
 
可以看出，乳酸桿菌占絕大多數(shù)的時候，陰道是清潔的，在健康婦女陰道中乳酸桿菌數(shù)量占陰道微生物的95%以上，92.5%健康女性陰道內(nèi)能檢出會產(chǎn)生過氧化氫的乳酸桿菌。乳酸桿菌可以黏附于陰道上皮細胞，從而阻止病原微生物的入侵，同時分解陰道黏膜上皮細胞內(nèi)的糖原，產(chǎn)生一定量的乳酸，使陰道保持酸性環(huán)境，有利于陰道的自凈作用。而所產(chǎn)生的過氧化氫，更能抑制或殺滅其他細菌。
 
當雜菌（除乳酸桿菌以外的其他細菌）的數(shù)量占優(yōu)勢或絕對優(yōu)勢的時候，就有陰道炎的可能了，陰道清潔度顯示是Ⅲ度或Ⅳ度。這個時候，就要通過對陰道分泌物進行培養(yǎng)來做出正確的診斷，看究竟是哪種細菌造成的結(jié)果。
 
如果是白色念珠菌引起的就是真菌性陰道炎；如果是陰道毛滴蟲引起的是滴蟲性陰道炎。這兩種被稱為特異性陰道炎。而由其他多種細菌協(xié)同起作用的陰道炎是細菌性陰道炎，又稱為非特異性陰道炎。
 
陰道炎會引起外陰陰道的瘙癢或燒灼感，是女性的難言之隱。不過，這還不是最大的問題所在，細菌和支原體等東西是非常不安穩(wěn)的家伙，它們會上行至上生殖道而引發(fā)更嚴重的問題，例如盆腔炎就是因為陰道內(nèi)的細菌通過子宮頸上行性感染引起的，細菌會向上累及子宮內(nèi)膜、輸卵管、卵巢和腹腔，甚至子宮旁的組織也會被累及。盆腔炎會引起嚴重的后遺癥，包括異位妊娠、不孕、慢性盆腔疼痛、輸卵管積水、輸卵管卵巢囊腫以及性交困難等。在患過一次盆腔炎后，大約有30%的婦女不能生育。
 
陰道炎與其他疾病一樣，應(yīng)該防治結(jié)合，以防為主。

以下幾點是每個女性在日常生活中都要注意做到的事情：

 
◎ 內(nèi)衣褲要勤換勤洗，尤其是褲衩，應(yīng)選用純棉制品，免用化纖織物，松緊適度，經(jīng)常用開水燙煮消毒。
 
◎ 每日用潔凈專用盆溫開水洗外陰1～2次，保持外陰局部清潔、干燥，清除尿液及汗水的刺激。
 
◎ 避免不潔性交和經(jīng)期性交。
 
◎ 當陰道清潔度為Ⅲ度或Ⅳ度的時候，不進行任何宮腔檢查與輸卵管通水、造影等操作。
 
如果患上了陰道炎，應(yīng)該積極治療，以免問題嚴重化。醫(yī)生采用的常規(guī)治療方法是采用抗生素類藥品，例如甲硝唑、咪康唑和激素康唑，治療效果是立見竿影的，但是也存在一個問題，那就是抗生素在抑制有害細菌的同時，也抑制乳酸桿菌，玉石俱焚，從而導致陰道炎反復發(fā)作。
 
那么有沒有更好的治療方法，在殺滅致病菌的同時，重新建立起乳酸桿菌的優(yōu)勢地位，以維持正常的陰道微生態(tài)環(huán)境，從而從根本上解決陰道炎的問題？我認為直接使用乳酸桿菌本身來治療陰道炎就是一種符合自然生態(tài)法則的好方法。細菌性陰道炎就是因為乳酸桿菌的減少，特別是產(chǎn)生過氧化氫的乳酸桿菌減少，而其他雜菌增加造成的。那么，使用微生態(tài)制劑恢復乳酸桿菌的主導地位不就是一個完美而合理的思路嗎？
 
我現(xiàn)在告訴大家一些簡單的辦法，來恢復乳酸桿菌的主導地位。在日常生活中，我建議姐妹們多多食用市售酸奶，因為這種食品含有多量保加利亞乳桿菌、乳酸桿菌和嗜酸乳桿菌等有益菌種。酸奶進入人體后，首先在腸道中抑制致病菌和腐敗菌的繁殖，調(diào)整了腸道中菌群之間的平衡。接著，大概在7～14天后，就能在女性陰道中分離出乳酸桿菌。如果你能夠長期食用，當然有希望最后將陰道內(nèi)的菌群調(diào)節(jié)到一個正常的狀態(tài)。在享用美味飲料的同時，又調(diào)整了身體各處的微生態(tài)環(huán)境，何樂而不為。
 
不過，如果你已經(jīng)有了嚴重的陰道炎，想單靠每天吃點酸奶來治療，那肯定是不行的。
 
酸奶中的乳酸桿菌口服以后，必須通過人體的消化系統(tǒng)，再輾轉(zhuǎn)進入陰道，時間很長不算，數(shù)量也大為減少了，所以口服酸奶充其量也只能算是一種間接的保健措施。
 
那有沒有直接有效的辦法呢？有，現(xiàn)在市面上出現(xiàn)了一種由大連醫(yī)科大學微生態(tài)研究所研制，內(nèi)蒙古雙崎藥業(yè)生產(chǎn)的陰道乳桿菌活菌制劑（定君生），它是從健康婦女陰道中分離出的乳桿菌DM8909菌株經(jīng)過體外人工繁殖后制成的活菌制劑，這種菌株可產(chǎn)生大量乳酸和過氧化氫，使陰道維持在低pH值，抑制非嗜酸性微生物的生長，因而維持了正常陰道菌群平衡，防止了感染發(fā)生。同時，DM8909菌桿對陰道上皮細胞的黏附能力較強，還能抑制腸桿菌、葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌對陰道上皮的黏附。因此，對真菌性陰道炎有很好的預(yù)防作用。
 
這個活菌制劑的治療效果很好，而且基本沒有副作用，推薦大家試一試。

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