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孕前缺碘易損胎兒智力 多食海產(chǎn)品預(yù)防出生缺陷

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2015-07-10 12:03:46 編輯：Chen

 隨著生活水平的提高，注重營養(yǎng)的人是越來越多。尤其是準(zhǔn)備懷孕的夫妻，為了孕育優(yōu)質(zhì)寶寶，孕前準(zhǔn)備除了會加強鍛煉身體之外，還會另外補充營養(yǎng)。只要是聽說對胎兒好的東西，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是“來者不拒 照單全收”。生怕自己沒有吃好，將來虧欠了肚子里的小寶寶。

其實，在懷孕的每個階段，寶寶對營養(yǎng)的需求是不同的，即使孕后大吃大喝，也不一定能彌補孕前某些營養(yǎng)上的不足。所以，應(yīng)該從孕前3~6月開始就進行有針對性的營養(yǎng)補充，主要補充葉酸、鐵、碘，并且戒煙戒酒，這樣才能有利于寶寶的健康。

多食海產(chǎn)品預(yù)防出生缺陷

孕前和孕早期還應(yīng)該補充一種微量元素——碘。婦女圍孕期和孕早期碘缺乏均可增加新生兒將來發(fā)生克汀病的危險性。碘是人體必需的微量元素之一。碘缺乏引起甲狀腺素合成減少以及甲狀腺功能減退，并因此影響母體和胎兒的新陳代謝，尤其是蛋白質(zhì)合成。

有研究顯示，當(dāng)圍孕期和孕早期碘攝入量低于25μg，新生兒可出現(xiàn)以智力低下、聾啞、性發(fā)育滯后、運動技能障礙、語言能力下降以及其他生長發(fā)育障礙為特征的克汀病等。專家建議，由于孕前和孕早期對碘的需要相對較多，除攝入碘鹽外，還建議至少每周攝入一次富含碘的海產(chǎn)食品，如海帶、紫菜、魚、蝦等。

孕前三個月補充葉酸

譚榮韶說，合理膳食和均衡營養(yǎng)是成功妊娠所必需的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。育齡婦女在計劃妊娠前3~6個月應(yīng)接受特別的膳食和健康生活方式的指導(dǎo)，調(diào)整自身的營養(yǎng)、健康狀況和生活習(xí)慣，使之盡可能都達到最佳狀態(tài)，以利于妊娠的成功。

根據(jù)孕前期婦女膳食指南，孕前三個月就應(yīng)開始補充葉酸。譚榮韶指出，妊娠的頭4周是胎兒神經(jīng)管分化和形成的重要時期，此期葉酸缺乏可增加胎兒發(fā)生神經(jīng)管畸形及早產(chǎn)的危險，此外還可導(dǎo)致眼、口唇、腭、胃腸道、心血管、腎、骨骼等器官的畸形發(fā)生。

需要提醒的是，由于懷孕的確定時間在妊娠發(fā)生的5周以后或更晚，受孕者并沒有意識到自己已經(jīng)懷孕。有研究顯示，婦女在服用葉酸4周以后，體內(nèi)葉酸缺乏的狀態(tài)才能得到明顯改善。因此，至少應(yīng)在孕前三個月開始，適當(dāng)多攝入富含葉酸的動物肝臟、深綠色蔬菜及豆類食物。由于葉酸補充劑比食物中的葉酸能更好地被人體吸收利用，專家建議，至少在孕前3個月開始每日服用400μg葉酸。

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