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子宮的發(fā)育畸形會造成女性不孕嗎？

出處：網絡收集 日期：2024-07-04 10:10:56 編輯：秩名

子宮是妊娠的重要器官之一。那么，子宮發(fā)育畸形的婦女究竟會不會生育呢？這要根據畸形的種類和程度而定，不能一概而論。
 
因為子宮發(fā)育異常所造成的畸形種類很多，一般可將其分為閉鎖性和非閉鎖性兩大類。閉鎖性子宮畸形由于出口處封閉，所以來月經時經血不能外流，致使在性發(fā)育成熟后，就會出現周期性下腹部疼痛，這種情況不經治療則不能生育。但其能在婚前被及時發(fā)現，可得到及時的診斷和治療，當然，也有些是無法治愈的。
 

非閉鎖性子宮畸形又有許多種類，例如：

 
①雙子宮。兩個子宮同時分別進入各自的陰道，中間有結締組織隔開；
 
②雙角雙頸子宮。兩個子宮進入同一陰道，可見其兩個子宮頸；
 
③雙角單頸子宮。兩個子宮下部融合，而以1個子宮頸伸入陰道；
 
④單角單頸子宮。實際上等于半個子宮，另一側沒有輸卵管及子宮角；
 
⑤殘角子宮。半個子宮發(fā)育良好，另半個子宮雖然有子宮腔，但是沒有子宮口，所以與發(fā)育好的半個子宮不相通； 
 
⑥不完全中隔子宮。1個子宮，部分子宮腔被隔膜一分為二；
 
⑦中隔子宮。子宮腔完全被隔膜一分為二；
 
⑧弓形子宮。子宮底部呈弓形。
 

有的把子宮發(fā)育不良包括在子宮畸形范圍內，主要是指子宮發(fā)育過小。

 
根據子宮發(fā)育情況可分為： ①原始子宮。子宮很小，僅1～3厘米長，沒有子宮腔，故無月經； ②實性子宮。這種子宮的外形和正常子宮相仿，但比正常的稍小，內部無子宮腔和內膜，是個實心的子宮，所以也無月經。上述兩種也屬于閉鎖性子宮； ③幼稚子宮。也即一般的子宮發(fā)育不良，是指子宮結構和形狀正常，但較小，子宮頸相對較長。
 
在眾多畸形子宮中，雙子宮雖可妊娠，但受孕子宮發(fā)育增大，而未受孕的子宮稍增大，因而造成不平衡，易發(fā)生妊娠子宮的扭轉。雙角子宮、單角子宮于孕晚期容易發(fā)生胎位異常，以臀位者居多。受精卵如果種植于殘角子宮內，因無出路，所以多在妊娠第16～20周時破裂而發(fā)生內出血。受精卵如果種植于發(fā)育不良的子宮壁或縱隔上，因其發(fā)育不能成熟，可造成流產、習慣性流產和早產等。幼稚子宮雖然常以不孕癥求治，但治療后多數還能懷孕。
 
大多子宮畸形并無典型癥狀，所以常在子宮輸卵管造影時才被發(fā)現。治療則應根據具體情況決定，子宮發(fā)育不良可用雌激素治療；用異物刺激法，如子宮腔內放置小型宮內節(jié)育器2～3個月，也有促使子宮增大的作用。對殘角子宮、雙子宮和中隔子宮等則需手術治療。雙子宮畸形的患者經手術后約有70%可懷孕，而且妊娠過程大多正常。
 
畸形子宮懷孕后，應預防流產、早產。臨產時應嚴密觀察，選擇分娩方式，產后注意防止胎盤滯留、出血及感染等，大多能喜獲寶寶。

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