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如何培養(yǎng)學生良好的學習慣造就新世紀新人才

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2011-01-04 19:59:03編輯：admin

如何培養(yǎng)學生良好的學習慣？從教二十多年，送走了一批批學生，也引起了我一次次地思索：我教給了學生什么？學生最需要的是什么？前幾天讀了著名教育家葉圣陶先生說的一句話：“什么是教育，簡單一句話，就是要培養(yǎng)良好的習慣。”對我啟發(fā)很大。

以往在教學中只注重了對學生知識的傳授，對學生進行思想教育、方法指導，可是效果甚微，一直不知是何原因?，F(xiàn)在想來，關鍵就在于學生沒有養(yǎng)成良好的學習習慣。什么是習慣呢？所謂習慣就是經(jīng)過反復練習而形成的較為穩(wěn)定的行為特征，學習習慣是指學生為達到好的學習效果而形成的一種學習上的自動傾向性。

根據(jù)觀察，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的學習習慣一般分為三個層次。最低層次是不自覺行為，它需要外部的強制力量；第二層次是較自覺的行為，它不需要外部的監(jiān)督，但還需要自己的意志努力；最高層次是自動性行為，它既不需要外部監(jiān)督，也不需要自己的意志努力，而是一種定型動作習慣。小學生學習習慣的養(yǎng)成一般都需經(jīng)過這三個層次。第一層次顯得尤為重要。因為小學生尤其是新入學的兒童有意注意的時間較短，自制力較差，學習還沒有成為他的自覺的行動，這時就需要較強的外部監(jiān)督。這種監(jiān)督主要來自家長和老師。

在學校，老師對那些主動學習的孩子要多給予表揚，對學習自覺性有所增強的孩子要給予鼓勵，而對被動學習的孩子需要一些提醒與暗示，甚至實施一些小小的懲罰來推動他參與學習。

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